Tools

Referencing Guides

 

Harvard Referencing Style

 

This style is commonly known as the author-date system, or the name-year system.

Further information can be found in the AGPS Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers, 6th edition, in the Reference Collection at REF PN147 .S79 2002, pp. 188-208, 224-232.

 

Citing in the Text of the Assignment

When you cite a reference in the text of the assignment, use the name of the author and the year of publication.

Example:

Walker (2000) compared reaction times..
In a recent study of reaction times (Walker 2000)..
Driver reaction times were compared under different weather conditions (Walker 2000).

The full reference must be listed at the end of the assignment. When you directly quote from another source, you must use quotation marks and give the page numbers(s).

Example:

Brown, Wienckowski and Bivens (1977, p.257) stated ". the answers to the issues of psychosurgery will depend heavily upon specific advances."

 

Works with no Author

When a work has no author, or an anonymous author, cite the first few words (usually the title) and the year. Use italics for the title as follows:

Example:

.. (The Assembly of Ladies 1460).   or

The book College Bound Seniors (1979)..

 

Works with Multiple Authors

When a work by two or three authors is cited, use the following:

Example:

(Grabosky & Smith 2001)   or
(Grabosky, Smith & Dempsey 2001)

 

When the author's names are included in the text, use "and" instead of "&"

Example:

Grabosky and Smith (2001) discussed..    or
Grabosky, Smith and Dempsey (2001) found..

 

When the work is by four or more authors, use only the first-listed author's name, followed by the expression "et al" which means "and others"

Example:

(Berlin et al. 1991)    or
Berlin et al. (1991) have shown that.

 

Citing a Web Site:

 

To cite a web page in the text of an assignment, give the address of the site in the text of your report.

Example:

Atlas of Diseases of the Kidneys is an excellent resource <http://www.kidneyatlas.org>.

 

 

Creating a Reference List

Books

Books with one Author:

Author name Year of publication, Title of the book, Publisher, Place of publication.

Example:

Singer, M. C. 1990, Human resource management, PWS-Kent Pub. Co., Boston.

 

Books with two Authors:

Example:

Byars, L. L. & Rue, L. W. 1987, Human resource management, 2nd ed, Irwin, Homewood, Ill.

 

Books with three or more Authors:

Example:

Berlin, M., Economides, N., Figlewski, S., & Saunders, A. 1991, Essays on financial markets and institutions, Salomon Brothers Center for the Study of Financial Institutions, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, New York.

 

Article or Chapter within a Book:

Author(s) of chapter Year of publication, 'Chapter title', in Book title, ed. Editors(s) of book, Publisher, Place of Publication, chapter pages.

Example:

Heath, S. B. 1989, 'The learner as culture member', in The Teachability of Language, eds. M. L. Rice & R. L. Schiefelbusch, Paul H Brookes, Toronto, pp. 333-350.

 

 

Journals

Author(s) Year of publication, 'Title of the article', Journal Name, volume, issue, article pages.

Example:

Doyle, W. 1977, 'Learning the classroom environment: An ecological analysis', Journal of Teacher Education, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 51-55.

 

 

Audiio-Visual Media

Films, Videos, and Television and Radio Programs would be referenced as:

Title Date of production, format, Publisher, place of production/recording, and any more information such as special credits can come next. (Refer to page 229 of Style Manual)

Example:

You can count on me 2000, motion picture, Paramount Pictures, United States, produced by M. Scorsese and written and directed by K. Lonergan.

 

 

Electronic Information

 

Web Pages:

 

Author(s) Date - last update or copyright date, Page Title, [Online], Available: URL [date accessed]

Example:

Goldman, J. & Northwest University 2002, History and Politics Out Loud, [Online] Available: http://www.hpol.org/ [2002, Jul. 8]

 

Web Pages with no Author:

 

Page Title Year, [Online], Available: URL [date accessed]

Example:

Picture Australia 2002, [Online], Available: http://www.pictureaustralia.org/ [2002, Jul. 9]

 

Documents within a web site:

Author Date - date site was created or last revised, title of document, version number if applicable, description of document if applicable, name of the sponsor of the source, Available: URL [access date]

Example:

International Narcotics Control Board 1999, International Narcotics Control Board report for 1998, United Nations, Vienna, Available: http://www.incb.org/e/index.htm [1999, Oct. 1]

 

Journal Articles:

Author Year, 'Title of article', Journal Title, Available: URL [access date]

Example:

Marks, R. & Foley, P. 2002, 'Updates in Medicine: Dermatology', eMJA, [Online], vol.176, Available: http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/176_01_070102/mar10683_fm.html [2002, July 8]

 

Newspaper Articles:

Author Date, 'Title of article', [Online], Name of Newspaper, Available: URL [access date]

Example:

Bunn, A. 2002 July 8 'Water charges to rise Average householder faces $16 bill increase', [Online], The Border Mail, Available: http://www.bordermail.com.au/ [2002, July 9]

 

Articles from electronic databases:

Author(s) of article Year of publication, 'Article title', Journal title, [Electronic or CD ROM], volume, issue, article pages. Available: Supplier: Database name/ID if available [Access date]

Example:

Koren D. 2002, 'Sleep complaints as early predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder: a 1-year prospective study of injured survivors of motor vehicle accidents', [Electronic] American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 159, Iss. 5, pg. 855. Available: Proquest [2002, July 8]